| Licensed buyer's agent with fiduciary duty |
No |
Partial |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
Partial |
| Shared listing database (MLS equivalent) |
No |
Partial |
Yes (MLS) |
Partial |
No |
Partial |
| Dual agency disclosure required |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes / prohibited |
No |
Partial |
| Mandatory pre-purchase inspection |
No |
Not mandatory |
Standard practice |
Standard practice |
No |
Gutachter standard |
| Pre-sale technical/diagnostic disclosure |
No |
EPC only |
Seller disclosure form |
Building report |
Cedula de habitabilidad |
Energieausweis + disclosures |
| Notary / state compliance verification |
Removed 2024 |
Solicitor review |
Title search |
Solicitor / conveyancer |
Notario review |
Notarielle Beurkundung |