RJUE · Article 100-A · Solidary liability
Who pays for an unauthorised work
When the builder dissolves, the burden flows upstream to the most solvent party, usually the owner.
Diretor de obra
Work directors
↓ jointly and severally liable ↓
€450.000
Maximum corporate fine for construction without a title or in non-conformity, plus €5,000 to €250,000 in legalisation costs (RJUE).
Phoenix companies: builders that accumulate debt, dissolve, and re-form under a new number leave the current owner as the party still standing when the municipality enforces.